The Pantone Color Matching System is largely a standardized color reproduction system. By standardizing the colors, different manufacturers in different locations can all refer to the Pantone system to make sure colors match without direct contact with one another. The Pantone system also allows for many 'special' colors to be produced such as metallics and fluorescents. While most of the Pantone system colors are beyond the printed CMYK gamut but soon Pantone began providing translations of their existing system with screen based colors (RGB)
With CMYK printing, halftoning allows for less than full saturation of the primary colours; tiny dots of each primary colour are printed in a pattern small enough that human beings perceive a solid color. Magenta printed with a 20% halftone, for example, produces a pink color, because the eye perceives the tiny magenta dots and the white paper between the dots as lighter and less saturated than the color of pure magenta ink.
The range of colours that a device such as a monitor or printer can produce. In color theory, the gamut of a device or process is that portion of the color space that can be represented, or reproduced. The grayed-out horseshoe shape on the right is the entire range possible. The colored triangle is the gamut available to a typical computer monitor; it does not cover the entire space.
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